【非谓语动词的用法总结】在英语学习中，非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点，它包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）。这些形式虽然不充当句子的谓语动词，但在句中可以承担多种语法功能，如作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。掌握它们的用法对于提高语言运用能力至关重要。
以下是对非谓语动词的用法进行系统总结，并通过表格形式清晰展示其常见结构与用法。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
| 类型 | 原形 | 动名词 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
| 不定式 | to do | - | - | - |
| 动名词 | - | doing | - | - |
| 现在分词 | - | - | doing | - |
| 过去分词 | - | - | - | done |
二、非谓语动词的主要用法总结
1. 不定式（to do）
- 作主语：
To learn English is important.
学习英语很重要。
- 作宾语：
I want to go.
我想去。
- 作表语：
My job is to teach.
我的工作是教学。
- 作定语：
The book to read is on the table.
那本要读的书在桌子上。
- 作状语：
She came to see me.
她来见我。
- 作补语：
I asked him to leave.
我让他离开。
2. 动名词（doing）
- 作主语：
Swimming is good for health.
游泳对健康有益。
- 作宾语：
I enjoy reading.
我喜欢阅读。
- 作表语：
Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是绘画。
- 作定语：
A walking stick is useful.
一根拐杖是有用的。
- 作介词宾语：
He is interested in learning.
他对学习感兴趣。
3. 现在分词（doing）
- 作定语：
The girl playing piano is my sister.
弹钢琴的女孩是我的妹妹。
- 作状语：
Seeing the accident, he ran away.
看到事故后，他逃跑了。
- 作宾语补足语：
I saw her running in the park.
我看到她在公园里跑步。
- 独立主格结构：
The work finished, we went home.
工作完成后，我们回家了。
4. 过去分词（done）
- 作定语：
The book written by him is popular.
他写的那本书很受欢迎。
- 作状语：
Filled with joy, she smiled.
充满喜悦地，她笑了。
- 作宾语补足语：
I had my hair cut.
我剪了头发。
- 作表语：
The door was locked.
门被锁上了。
三、非谓语动词的常见搭配与固定用法
| 动词/短语 | 后接形式 | 例句 |
| like | doing / to do | I like swimming / to swim. |
| remember | doing / to do | I remember closing the door / to close it. |
| stop | doing / to do | I stopped smoking / to smoke. |
| forget | doing / to do | I forgot locking the door / to lock it. |
| try | doing / to do | Try opening the door / to open it. |
| begin | doing / to do | I began working / to work. |
| start | doing / to do | She started crying / to cry. |
| continue | doing / to do | He continued studying / to study. |
| love | doing / to do | I love singing / to sing. |
四、非谓语动词的时态与语态变化
| 形式 | 一般式 | 完成式 | 被动式 | 完成被动式 |
| 不定式 | to do | to have done | to be done | to have been done |
| 动名词 | doing | having done | being done | having been done |
| 现在分词 | doing | having done | being done | having been done |
| 过去分词 | done | - | done | - |
五、常见错误与注意事项
1. 不要混淆不定式与动名词：有些动词后面只能接不定式或动名词，例如：
- like 后可接 doing 或 to do（两者均可）
- enjoy 只能接 doing
- hope 只能接 to do
2. 注意逻辑主语的一致性：非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致，否则需使用独立主格结构。
3. 避免重复使用动词：如 “I like to eat and to drink” 应改为 “I like eating and drinking”。
通过以上总结，我们可以更清晰地理解非谓语动词在不同语境中的使用方式。建议在实际写作和口语中多加练习，逐步掌握其灵活运用。
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