在英语学习的道路上,很多人常常被一个“看不见”的障碍所困扰,那就是——虚词。看似不起眼,却在句子中起着举足轻重的作用。今天,我们就来深入探讨一下这83个常见的英语虚词,看看它们是如何影响你的表达和理解的。
什么是虚词?
虚词(Function Words)是英语中不具有实际语义、但对语法结构起到关键作用的词类。它们包括冠词、介词、连词、助动词、代词、情态动词等。虽然这些词本身没有具体的含义,但它们却是构建句子、表达逻辑关系、传递语气的重要工具。
为什么虚词如此重要?
很多学习者在背单词时,往往只关注实词(如名词、动词、形容词等),而忽略了虚词的重要性。结果就是:即使你掌握了大量词汇,也难以写出或听懂地道的英语。
比如:
- The cat is on the table.
这句话中的“the”、“is”、“on”都是虚词,但缺少任何一个,句子都不完整。
- He wants to go, but he can’t.
“but”是一个连词,用来连接两个分句,表达转折关系。
所以,掌握好这些虚词,是你真正理解英语语法、提高听说读写能力的关键一步。
常用虚词一览(83个)
以下是一些最常见的英语虚词分类及代表词:
1. 冠词(Articles)
- a, an, the
2. 介词(Prepositions)
- about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, until, up, upon, with, within
3. 连词(Conjunctions)
- and, but, or, so, for, yet, nor, because, although, though, if, unless, while, when, where, as, since, than, that, whether
4. 助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)
- be, do, have, will, shall, can, may, must, should, would, might, need, dare
5. 情态动词(Modal Verbs)
- can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need, ought to
6. 代词(Pronouns)
- I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them, my, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, this, that, these, those, who, whom, whose, which, what, where, when, why, how, everyone, someone, nobody, everything, something, nothing
7. 形容词性物主代词(Possessive Adjectives)
- my, your, his, her, its, our, their
8. 副词(Adverbs)(部分为虚词)
- not, very, quite, just, only, almost, even, still, already, yet, ever, never, often, always, sometimes, usually, hardly, seldom, rarely, mostly, nearly
9. 介词短语(Prepositional Phrases)
- in the morning, on the table, at home, by the way, in front of, next to, under the bed, etc.
10. 其他常见虚词
- to, for, from, with, by, as, that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, so, then, now, here, there, later, ago, today, yesterday, tomorrow, once, twice, again, also, too, either, neither, both, all, some, any, none, many, much, few, little, several, enough, more, most, less, least
虚词的学习技巧
1. 结合例句记忆:不要孤立地记单词,而是通过真实语境来理解它们的用法。
2. 多听多读:通过听力和阅读材料,熟悉虚词在句子中的位置和功能。
3. 做语法练习:尤其是关于介词搭配、连词使用、助动词结构等内容。
4. 注意语序和逻辑:虚词往往决定了句子的结构和逻辑关系。
结语
英语的“门槛”,很多时候并不是那些复杂的长难句,而是这些看似简单的虚词。它们像是语言的“骨架”,支撑着整句话的结构和意义。如果你真的想突破英语学习的瓶颈,那么从今天开始,认真对待这83个虚词吧!
你跨不过这个槛?那是因为你还没真正了解它!